Investigation of the linear and nonlinear properties of a Drude model photonic crystal

The optical transmission properties of a one-dimensional Drude model photonic crystal are investigated. The linear wave propagation is studied by the transfer matrix method. Using a delta-function approximation a nonlinear 2-d map is obtained and used to explore the global transmission properties of nonlinear wave propagation in this system. Inclusion of a frequency-dependent refractive index represented by the Drude model results in a considerable modification of the characteristics of the linear and nonlinear wave propagation of the one-dimensional photonic crystal.     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles prepared by wet chemical route

Magnetic nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite have been synthesized by wet chemical method using stable ferric and cobalt salts with oleic acid as the surfactant. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) confirmed the formation of single-phase cobalt ferrite nanoparticles in the range 15–48 nm depending on the annealing temperature and time. The size of the particles increases with annealing temperature and time while the coercivity goes through a maximum, peaking at around 28 nm. A very large coercivity (10.5 kOe) is observed on cooling down to 77 K while typical blocking effects are observed below about 260 K. The high field moment is observed to be small for smaller particles and approaches the bulk value for large particles.     

The Separation of Zeros of Solutions of Higher Order Linear Differential Equations With Entire Coefficients

Suppose that a homogeneous linear differential equation has entire coefficients of finite order and a fundamental set of solutions each having zeros with finite exponent of convergence. Upper bounds are given for the number of zeros of these solutions in small discs in a neighbourhood of infinity.     

Radioactivity levels in some wild edible mushroom species in Turkey

Eleven different wild-growing edible mushroom species collected from various regions of Turkey were analysed for their content of 137Cs, 40K, 226Ra and 232Th using a high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Specific activities of 226Ra and 232Th were generally below detection limits. The specific activities of 137Cs and 40K ranged from 2.4+/-0.3 to 109.0+/-7.3 Bq kg-1 with a mean of 28.4+/-27.2 Bq kg-1 (dry matter) and 715.5+/-50.1 to 1779.0+/-163.7 Bq kg-1 with a mean of 1150.8+/-315.2 Bq kg-1 (dry matter), respectively. The mean annual effective dose of 137Cs and 40K through mushrooms were estimated to be (7.0+/-6.0)x10(-3) microSv and 0.13+/-0.03 microSv, respectively. The overall intake of 137Cs is quite low and no significant contamination was found in collected mushroom species. The highest contents of 137Cs and 40K among the analysed mushrooms were in Morchella esculenta and Stropharia coronilla, respectively.     

Environmental impact assessment of post illegal mining activities in Chini Lake with regards to natural radionuclides and heavy metals in water and sediment

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Comprehensive radiological survey and evaluation of heavy metal contamination were conducted in Chini Lake, which has been awarded a pristine...     

商用氧化铟锡玻璃:室温高效还原氮气的催化剂电极

NH₃作为一种必需的活化氮源,在化肥、染料、爆炸物和药物等的制造中起到了关键作用;同时,它也是一种在交通运输领域具有吸引力的无碳能源载体.工业上生产氨气使用典型的哈伯-博世工艺,但是此工艺涉及大量的能源消耗和碳排放,给环境带来巨大的压力.电化学氮还原反应(NRR)能够在温和环境下实现环境友好、节能的氨合成,但此过程需要高效的电催化剂.高效的NRR催化剂(Au、Ag、Pd和Ru)储量少、成本高,阻碍了它的实际应用.因此,设计和开发由地球上丰富的元素制成的具有成本效益的催化剂来代替NRR催化剂意义重大.本课题组最近的研究(Chem.Commun.,2018,54,12966-12969)表明,SnO2在环境条件下具有电催化氧化活性,但其低电导率限制了其性能,可通过氟掺杂或石墨烯杂化予以解决.氧化铟锡(ITO)作为一种含SnO2的材料,导电性好,可望用于NRR的高效电催化剂中.因此,本文采用商用氧化铟锡玻璃(ITO/G)作为催化剂电极,在温和环境条件下进行N₂-NH₃的电化学转化,并呈现出对生成氨气有较高的选择性.XRD和XPS结果表示,商用ITO/G中存在In,Sn和O元素;SEM显示ITO/G具有清晰的纳米薄膜结构和267 nm的截面厚度;相应的EDX谱图显示In,Sn和O元素分布均匀,且原子比为32.11:3.16:64.74.采用紫外-可见光谱及线性扫描伏安和恒电位极化等电化学测试研究了商用ITO/G的NRR活性.在0.5 M LiClO4电解液中测试时,于-0.40 V vs.RHE条件下,ITO/G的NH₃产率为1.06×10^-10 mol s^-1 cm^-2,其法拉第效率为6.17%.15N同位素标记实验证实了所测到的NH₃是由ITO/G催化的N₂电还原反应生成的.利用第一性原理计算探讨了在ITO催化剂上可能的NRR反应机理,确定了ITO催化剂的NRR活性位点、N₂化学吸附活性位点以及NRR的反应途径.此外,24 h恒电位(-0.40 V vs.RHE)极化测试和2 h恒电位极化(-0.40 V vs.RHE)测试后的XRD和SEM结果表明,该催化剂具有较高的电化学稳定性.综上所述,商用ITO/G用作在环境条件下将N₂转化为NH₃的有效催化剂电极,将为开发人工固定氮气的ITO基纳米结构提供一种研究途径.     

Sliding Water Droplet on Oil Impregnated Surface and Dust Particle Mitigation

Self-cleaning of surfaces becomes challenging for energy harvesting devices because of the requirements of high optical transmittance of device surfaces. Surface texturing towards hydrophobizing can improve the self-cleaning ability of surfaces, yet lowers the optical transmittance. Introducing optical matching fluid, such as silicon oil, over the hydrophobized surface improves the optical transmittance. However, self-cleaning ability, such as dust mitigation, of the oil-impregnated hydrophobic surfaces needs to be investigated. Hence, solution crystallization of the polycarbonate surface towards creating hydrophobic texture is considered and silicon oil impregnation of the crystallized surface is explored for improved optical transmittance and self-cleaning ability. The condition for silicon oil spreading over the solution treated surface is assessed and silicon oil and water infusions on the dust particles are evaluated. The movement of the water droplet over the silicon oil-impregnated sample is examined utilizing the high-speed facility and the tracker program. The effect of oil film thickness and the tilting angle of the surface on the sliding droplet velocity is estimated for two droplet volumes. The mechanism for the dust particle mitigation from the oil film surface by the sliding water droplet is analyzed. The findings reveal that silicon oil impregnation of the crystallized sample surface improves the optical transmittance significantly. The sliding velocity of the water droplet over the thick film (~700 µm) remains higher than that of the small thickness oil film (~50 µm), which is attributed to the large interfacial resistance created between the moving droplet and the oil on the crystallized surface. The environmental dust particles can be mitigated from the oil film surface by the sliding water droplet. The droplet fluid infusion over the dust particle enables to reorient the particle inside the droplet fluid. As the dust particle settles at the trailing edge of the droplet, the sliding velocity decays on the oil-impregnated sample.     

On a multivariable extension of the Humbert polynomials

In this paper, we present a multivariable extension of the Humbert polynomials, which is motivated by the Chan-Chyan-Srivastava multivariable polynomials, the multivariable extension of the familiar Lagrange-Hermite polynomials and Erkus-Srivastava multivariable polynomials. We derive various families of multilinear and mixed multilateral generating functions for these polynomials. Other miscellaneous properties of these multivariable polynomials are also discussed. Some special cases of the results presented in this study are also indicated.     

Preparation of an efficient sorbent by washing then pyrolysis of olive wood for simultaneous solid phase extraction of chloro-phenols and nitro-phenols from water

Simultaneous preconcentration of phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol was improved by using olive wood (OW) washed with ethanol then pyrolyzed at 200 °C as preconcentrating sorbent. Various OW sorbents were prepared by either washing OW (with ethanol, ether, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran or n-hexane); or by pyrolysis (at 100, 150, 200, 250 or 300 °C); or by combined pyrolysis/washing. The adsorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, total acidity/basicity, methylene blue relative surface area, point of zero charge, distribution coefficients of the phenols, and sample loading flow rate. It seems that washing and pyrolysis have removed compounds covering the OW pores, which improved the OW porosity and exposed more acidic groups on the OW surface. The pores and the surface acidic groups seem to play major role in phenols sorption. Ethanol-washed OW then pyrolyzed at 200 °C gave the best preconcentration performance towards phenols (300 mg sorbent, 150 mL of the sample (pH 7), and elution with 3 mL of acetonitrile). The method was linear up to 100 μg L⁻¹; limit of quantification: 0.20-0.48 μg L⁻¹. The method could detect phenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol in industrial wastewater with spiked recovery range from 80.2% to 91.4% (±1.1 to 5.5%RSD) for all the phenols.